Electronic Waste Management Approaches: An Overview
Unique
Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest-developing contamination problems worldwide given the presence if a variety of harmful substances that can contaminate the environment and threaten human health if removal conventions are not meticulously managed. This paper presents an overview of harmful substances present in e-waste, their potential environmental and human health impacts together with management strategies currently being used in certain countries. Several apparatuses including Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Material Stream Investigation (MFA), Multi-Criteria Examination (MCA), and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) have been developed to manage e-wastes, especially in developed countries. The key to success in terms of e-waste management is to develop eco-design devices, properly collect e-waste, recover and recycle material by safe methods, dispose of e-waste by suitable techniques, restrict the transfer of used electronic devices to developing countries, and raise awareness of the effect of e-waste. No single device is adequate except for together they can complement each other to solve this issue. A public scheme, for example, EPR is a decent approach in tackling the developing e-waste problems. E-waste Company In Delhi.
Features
► Human poisonousness of risky substances in e-waste. ► Environmental effects of e-waste from removal processes. ► Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Material Stream Investigation (MFA), Multi-Criteria Examination (MCA), and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) to and solve e-waste problems. ► Key issues relating to devices overseeing e-waste for sustainable e-waste management.
Recovery of metals from waste printed circuit sheets by supercritical water pre-treatment combined with the corrosive leaching process.
Theoretical
Waste printed circuit sheets (PCBs) contain a large number of metals, for example, Cu, Sn, Pb, Disc, Cr, Zn, and Mn. In this work, an efficient and environmentally friendly process for metals recovery from waste PCBs by supercritical water (SCW) pre-treatment combined with corrosive leaching was developed. In the proposed process, waste PCBs were pre-treated by SCW, then the separated strong phase item with concentrated metals was subjected to a corrosive leaching process for metals recovery. E-waste Company In Delhi. The effect of SCW pre-treatment on the recovery of different metals from waste PCBs was investigated. Two methods of SCW pre-treatment were studied: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water depolymerization (SCWD). Experimental results indicated that SCWO and SCWD pre-treatment had a noteworthy effect on the recovery of different metals. SCWO pre-treatment was exceptionally efficient for enhancing the recovery of Cu and Pb, and the recovery efficiency increased altogether with increasing pre-treatment temperature. The recovery efficiency of Cu and Pb for SCWO pre-treatment at 420 °C was 99.8% and 80%, respectively, whereas the majority of the Sn and Cr were immobilized in the residue. The recovery of all studied metals was enhanced by SCWD pre-treatment and increased alongside pre-treatment temperature. Up to 90% of Sn, Zn, Cr, Disc, and Mn could be recovered for SCWD pre-treatment at 440 °C.
Features
► The effect of SCW on the recovery of metals in waste PCBs was studied. ► SCWO was exceptionally efficient for enhancing the recovery of Cu and Pb. ► The recovery of Cu and Pb after SCWO was 99.8% and 80%, respectively. ► The recovery of nearly all metals was enhanced by SCWD pre-treatment. ► Up to 90% of Sn, Zn, Cr, Album, and Mn were extracted after SCWD treatment at 440 °C. E-waste Company In Delhi.
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